Maswali ya Interview Kada ya Afya Utumishi
INTERVIEW ORAL
- Briefly Explain Your-self
- What are your strengths and weaknesses
- How will you maintain confidentiality at the facility
- What are the challenges often seen as a clinician at the working area
- What are the Clinical Features of Bacterial Conjuctivitis
- What are the Complications of Urinary System Disease
- What are the factors contributing to poor Diagnosis
- Contraindications for Gastric Lavage in poisoning cases
- Differential diagnosis for a child presenting with fever and skin rashes
- Challenges might the applicant face at the job
- Explain Sickle cell crisis
- What are forms of drug
- Management of Organophosphate poisoning and clinical features of it
- Management of pyelonephritis
- Management of Acute Watery Diarrhoea
- What is Endemic diseases, pandemic and epidemic
- What are the roles of a clinician
- Management of hypoglycaemia in Unconcious patient
- Explain Bishop score
- Differences between Hodkin and Non – Hodkin Lymphoma
- Features that Differentiate between chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- Principles of Medical Ethics
- Common mistakes leads to poor diagnosis
- Complications of bladder stones
- Danger signs in pregnancy
- Skin and oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS
- Explain T B Score chart
- Management of severe pneumonia
- Prescribe pregnancy induced hypertension
- Features of depression and anxiety
- Features of insect/animal bite
- Contraindication of ORS
- Prescribe pregnant woman at 1 ANC Visit
- Explain emergency signs
- Symptoms of hypoglycaemia
- Urinary obstructive symptoms during history taking from 64 years old man with Acute Urine Retention
- Complications of Malaria
- Differential Diagnosis of 40 years old male who brought to you b’se of convulsion
- Provide any examples of drug therapy problems
- Side effect of Methadone
- Differences between aseptic and sterile
- Features of research proposal
- Explain types of irrational use of medicine
- Complication of urolithiasis
- Priority and emergency signs
- Emergency, triage, assessment and treatment
- Definitive management of tension pneumothorax
- Management of a child 13 month old with 10kgs with acute watery diarrhoea with sever dehydration
- A mother primegravid with 39weeks of GA, Ruptured membrane, with clear fluid with no smell, no h/o abd. Pain. O/e: no cervical dilatation. What is the score of the mother using bishop score.
- Which manoeuvre will you use to determine the lie of the fetus
- Features of ulcers
- Questiens used to be asked in gynaecological history
- How will you determine the fetus viable during history taking
- Patient brought with hypoglycaemia and unconscious and it is imposible to get Intraveneous Line, what will you do for the patient to be given glucose
- Female patient with h/o alcohol intake and ascites, tender abdomen and DIB. What is definitive management of this patient
- What are sickle cell crisis and their management
- Features of T BI Anterior Crania
- Mechanism of Labour
- What is lymphadenitis and features of it
- Which sign will you see in X-RAY of Intestinal Perforation
- Features of upper GI bleeding
- Neonate has yellow discolouration on the sclera and palms with bilirubin level of 15.5mg/ml regardless of exclusively breastfeeding. What is the management of this child
- Diagnosis and management of severe malaria
- Danger signs of pneumonia
- Management of diabetic ketoacidiosis (DKA)
- Differences between septic shock and hypovolemic shock
- IMCI Assessment steps
- Management of Severe dehydration
- Causes of convulsion in children
- Management of febrile seizures
- Management of post partum haemorrhage
- Stages of labour
- Management of enclampsia
- Differences between abruption placenta and placenta praevia
- Management of open fracture
- Causes of acute abdomen
- ABCDE Approach in Trauma
- Management of Unconcious Patients
- Management of anaphylactic shock
- Patient refuse treatment. What is ethical handling
- Explain informed consent
- Explain referral system in Tanzania
- 1st Line TB Treatment
- Why ALU is contraindicated to 1st trimester pregnancy
- Side effect of aminoglycosides
- Causes of Hepatomegaly and Spleenomegaly
- Complications of Chest Injuries
- Differential diagnosis of Acute Abdomen
- Differential diagnosis of Pulmonary Oedema
- Mention abnormal gait you expect to see to the patient at OPD
- Prescribe GCS score in Unconscious patients
- RCH’s Immunization chart in Tanzania
- Risk factors for DM
- Complications of Impetigo
- Risk factors of CVA
- Features of high quantity CPR
- Indication for CPR
- Steps to perform CPR
- Clinical Features of PUD
- Management of Hiccups
- Management of normal labour
- Management of Hiccups
- Management of normal labor
- Management of malaria in pregnancy
- Contraindications of ORS and Gastric lavage
- Effects of DM in pregnancy
- Explain hemorrhagic and hemolytic diseases in newborns
- Explain HIV Staes and their Management
- Explain Top 10 diseases in Tanzania
- Complications of caessarian section
- Risk factors of PID and Management
- How to manage cord prolapse
- Differentiate between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
- Types of cannulas and where to be used
- Componets of referral letter
- Explain triages and red zones
- Complication of burn and ways to calculate TBSA
- Signs and complications of dehydration
- Types and routes of poisoning
- Things to be done in 1st ANC
- Causative species, complications and prevention of malaria
- Why atibiotics are prescribed more often than antiviral drugs in viral illnesses
- Danger signs in neonates and pregnant women
- Differences between viral and bacterial infections
ANSWERS
- Briefly explain yourself
“I am Dr David Johannes — clinician experienced in Emergency Medicine and surgical care in high-volume, resource-limited settings. I prioritise rapid assessment, patient safety, evidence-based management and teamwork.” - What are your strengths and weaknesses
Strengths: calm under pressure, rapid clinical assessment, teamwork, reliability.
Weakness: tendency to double-check details; I mitigate by time management and delegating appropriately. - How will you maintain confidentiality at the facility
Use private spaces for sensitive discussions, limit information on need-to-know basis, secure patient records (physical and electronic), obtain consent for disclosures and document all data access. - Challenges often seen as a clinician at the working area
High workload, limited diagnostics and supplies, delayed referrals, poor record-keeping, communication gaps, staff shortages and burnout risk. - Clinical features of bacterial conjunctivitis
Acute red eye, purulent discharge causing eyelid matting, foreign body sensation, eyelid swelling; usually minimal visual impairment and may start unilateral then become bilateral. - Complications of urinary system disease
AKI/CKD, recurrent pyelonephritis, renal scarring, hydronephrosis, urosepsis, hypertension, urinary retention and incontinence. - Factors contributing to poor diagnosis
Incomplete history/exam, cognitive biases (anchoring, premature closure), inadequate investigations, time pressure, poor handover and communication barriers. - Contraindications for gastric lavage in poisoning
Corrosive or hydrocarbon ingestion, unprotected airway or reduced consciousness without intubation, active seizures, GI perforation risk or late presentation for rapidly absorbed toxins. - Differential diagnosis for child with fever and skin rashes
Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, roseola), scarlet fever, meningococcemia, drug eruption/Stevens–Johnson, Kawasaki disease, enteroviral exanthem. - Challenges the applicant might face at the job
Resource constraints, high patient-to-staff ratio, need for rapid decision-making with limited data, administrative load and continuing professional development demands. - Explain sickle cell crisis
Vaso-occlusive crisis due to sickling → microvascular obstruction, ischemic pain and organ dysfunction; complications include ACS, splenic sequestration and stroke. Manage analgesia, hydration, oxygen, treat triggers, transfuse when indicated. - What are forms of drug (dosage forms)
Solids (tablets, capsules), liquids (solutions, suspensions), parenteral (IV/IM/SC), topical (creams, eye drops), inhalational, rectal (suppositories), transdermal patches. - Management & clinical features of organophosphate poisoning
Features: muscarinic (SLUDGE), miosis, bronchorrhoea/bronchospasm, bradycardia; nicotinic (weakness), CNS (seizures). Management: remove exposure, decontaminate, secure airway/oxygen, titrated atropine, oxime (pralidoxime) if available, benzodiazepines for seizures, supportive ICU care. - Management of pyelonephritis
Assess severity; severe → admit, obtain urine/blood cultures, start empiric IV antibiotics covering Gram-negatives (adjust by sensitivities), hydration, analgesia, relieve obstruction if present and follow-up with imaging if recurrent. - Management of acute watery diarrhoea
Assess dehydration; ORS for none/some dehydration, IV isotonic fluids for severe dehydration, zinc for children, continue feeding/breastfeeding, antibiotics only for specific indications (cholera, dysentery). - What is endemic, epidemic and pandemic
Endemic: constant baseline presence in a region. Epidemic: sudden rise above expected levels in a community. Pandemic: epidemic spreading across countries/continents worldwide. - Roles of a clinician
Assessment, diagnosis, stabilization, definitive treatment, health promotion, documentation, referrals, teaching, audit and continuous professional development. - Management of hypoglycaemia in unconscious patient
If IV access: give IV dextrose (e.g., 25 g of D50) and monitor; if no IV access: IM/SC glucagon 1 mg adult; secure airway and observe for recurrence. - Explain Bishop score
Cervical assessment: dilation, effacement, station, consistency, position — each scored 0–3 (total 0–13). ≥8 favourable for induction; low score suggests unfavourable cervix. - Differences between Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Hodgkin: Reed–Sternberg cells, contiguous lymph node spread, often curable. Non-Hodgkin: diverse subtypes, extranodal disease, non-contiguous spread and variable prognosis. - Features differentiating CLL vs ALL
CLL: older adults, mature lymphocytosis, smudge cells, indolent. ALL: children/young adults, blasts predominate, rapid bone marrow failure presentation. - Principles of medical ethics
Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, confidentiality and professional integrity. - Common mistakes leading to poor diagnosis
Poor history/exam, cognitive biases, overreliance on single test, inadequate follow-up, communication failures. - Complications of bladder stones
Recurrent UTIs, hematuria, obstruction/retention, bladder wall changes (diverticula), chronic pain and upper tract dilation. - Danger signs in pregnancy
Severe bleeding, severe abdominal pain, severe headache/vision changes, sudden swelling, reduced fetal movements, fever, convulsions. - Skin and oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS
Skin: Kaposi sarcoma, extensive warts, severe fungal infections, papular pruritic eruptions. Oral: candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, ulceration, Kaposi lesions. - Explain TB score chart
Clinical scoring combining symptoms/signs and investigations to estimate TB probability and guide testing or empiric treatment; use alongside microbiology and imaging. - Management of severe pneumonia
Hospitalize, give oxygen to maintain SpO2 targets, start empiric IV antibiotics per local guideline, fluids cautiously, monitor and escalate to ICU if respiratory failure or sepsis. - Prescribe for pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia severe)
Acute control: IV labetalol or IV hydralazine (per protocol) or oral nifedipine immediate release; magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis in severe features; plan for timely delivery. - Features of depression and anxiety
Depression: persistent low mood, anhedonia, sleep/appetite changes, suicidal ideation. Anxiety: excessive worry, restlessness, autonomic symptoms, sleep disturbance. - Features of insect/animal bite
Local wound with pain, swelling, erythema; risk of infection, tetanus and rabies assessment; systemic envenomation features depend on species. - Contraindication of ORS
Unconscious/unable to protect airway (unless via NG tube), severe shock requiring IV resuscitation, high-output fistula or intestinal obstruction (relative). - Prescribe pregnant woman at 1st ANC visit
History, exam, Hb, blood group/Rh, HIV, syphilis, urine test; start iron + folic acid, tetanus immunization per schedule, counsel on danger signs and plan follow-up. - Explain emergency signs
Threats to life/organ function: airway compromise, severe respiratory distress, hypotension/shock, altered consciousness, severe bleeding, seizures. - Symptoms of hypoglycaemia
Autonomic: sweating, tremor, palpitations, hunger. Neuroglycopenic: confusion, drowsiness, seizures, loss of consciousness. - Urinary obstructive symptoms for 64 years old man with retention
Weak stream, hesitancy, straining, intermittency, incomplete emptying, nocturia, urgency, prior LUTS, medication review and hematuria. - Complications of malaria
Severe anemia, cerebral malaria, hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis, ARDS, acute renal failure, shock and death if untreated. - Differential diagnosis of 40 years old male with convulsion
CNS infection, stroke/ICH, metabolic derangements (hypoglycaemia, hyponatraemia), epilepsy, intoxication, brain tumor, alcohol withdrawal. - Examples of drug therapy problems
Wrong drug choice, dosing errors (sub/supratherapeutic), interactions, contraindications, non-adherence, duplication, lack of monitoring. - Side effects of methadone
Sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, QT prolongation, sweating, sexual dysfunction, dependence. - Differences between aseptic and sterile
Sterile = absence of all microorganisms. Aseptic = set of techniques to minimise contamination during procedures. - Features of a research proposal
Clear question/objectives, literature review, appropriate methodology, sample size justification, ethical considerations, timeline and budget. - Types of irrational use of medicine
Overprescribing (antibiotics), underuse of indicated meds, incorrect dosing, polypharmacy, unnecessary injections, self-medication. - Complication of urolithiasis
Obstruction/hydronephrosis, recurrent infection, renal impairment, hematuria, staghorn calculi with chronic infection. - Priority and emergency signs
Immediate threats: compromised airway, severe respiratory distress, hypotension/shock, uncontrolled bleeding, decreased consciousness. - Emergency, triage, assessment and treatment
Triage → primary survey (ABCDE) → targeted history/exam and immediate investigations → life-saving interventions → definitive care or transfer. - Definitive management of tension pneumothorax
Immediate decompression (needle thoracostomy) followed by insertion of intercostal chest drain; oxygen and monitoring. - Management of a child 13 month old with 10kgs with acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration
WHO Plan C: rapid IV isotonic fluid boluses per guideline, reassess, complete rehydration, then ORS and zinc; continue feeding once stable. - Bishop score for primigravid 39 weeks ROM
Likely unfavourable (score 0–3). - Manoeuvre to determine lie of fetus
Leopold’s manoeuvres. - Features of ulcers
Epithelial defect with necrotic base, pain variable, well-defined crater; chronic ulcers may be indurated. - Questions asked in gynaecological history
LMP, menstrual pattern, obstetric history, presenting complaint, sexual history, contraception, STI history, surgeries. - Determine fetus viable during history taking
History of fetal movements and confirmation by auscultation or ultrasound. - Hypoglycaemia unconscious without IV line
Give IM/SC glucagon 1 mg adult. - Female with alcohol intake and ascites
Stabilise, diagnostic paracentesis, antibiotics if SBP suspected, manage ascites, refer. - Sickle cell crises and management
Vaso-occlusive, aplastic, hemolytic, sequestration, ACS, stroke. Manage analgesia, hydration, oxygen, transfusion.
