Maswali Ya Interview Kada Ya Afya Utumishi

Maswali ya Interview Kada ya Afya Utumishi

INTERVIEW ORAL

1. Briefly Explain Your-self
2. What are your strengths and weaknesses
3. How will you maintain confidentiality at the facility
4. What are the challenges often seen as a clinician at the working area
5. What are the Clinical Features of Bacterial Conjuctivitis
6. What are the Complications of Urinary System Disease
7. What are the factors contributing to poor Diagnosis
8. Contraindications for Gastric Lavage in poisoning cases
9. Differential diagnosis for a child presenting with fever and skin rashes
10. Challenges might the applicant face at the job
11. Explain Sickle cell crisis
12. What are forms of drug
13. Management of Organophosphate poisoning and clinical features of it
14. Management of pyelonephritis
15. Management of Acute Watery Diarrhoea
16. What is Endemic diseases, pandemic and epidemic
17. What are the roles of a clinician
18. Management of hypoglycaemia in Unconcious patient
19. Explain Bishop score
20. Differences between Hodkin and Non – Hodkin Lymphoma
21. Features that Differentiate between chronic lymphocytic leukemia and acute lymphoblastic leukemia
22. Principles of Medical Ethics
23. Common mistakes leads to poor diagnosis
24. Complications of bladder stones
25. Danger signs in pregnancy
26. Skin and oral manifestation of HIV/AIDS
27. Explain T B Score chart
28. Management of severe pneumonia
29. Prescribe pregnancy induced hypertension
30. Features of depression and anxiety
31. Features of insect/animal bite
32. Contraindication of ORS
33. Prescribe pregnant woman at 1 ANC Visit
34. Explain emergency signs
35. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia
36. Urinary obstructive symptoms during history taking from 64 years old man with Acute Urine Retention
37. Complications of Malaria
38. Differential Diagnosis of 40 years old male who brought to you b’se of convulsion
39. Provide any examples of drug therapy problems
40. Side effect of Methadone
41. Differences between aseptic and sterile
42. Features of research proposal
43. Explain types of irrational use of medicine
44. Complication of urolithiasis
45. Priority and emergency signs
46. Emergency, triage, assessment and treatment
47. Definitive management of tension pneumothorax
48. Management of a child 13 month old with 10kgs with acute watery diarrhoea with sever dehydration
49. A mother primegravid with 39weeks of GA, Ruptured membrane, with clear fluid with no smell, no h/o abd. Pain. O/e: no cervical dilatation. What is the score of the mother using bishop score.
50. Which manoeuvre will you use to determine the lie of the fetus
51. Features of ulcers
52. Questiens used to be asked in gynaecological history
53. How will you determine the fetus viable during history taking
54. Patient brought with hypoglycaemia and unconscious and it is imposible to get Intraveneous Line, what will you do for the patient to be given glucose
55. Female patient with h/o alcohol intake and ascites, tender abdomen and DIB. What is definitive management of this patient
56. What are sickle cell crisis and their management
57. Features of T BI Anterior Crania
58. Mechanism of Labour
59. What is lymphadenitis and features of it
60. Which sign will you see in X-RAY of Intestinal Perforation
61. Features of upper GI bleeding
62. Neonate has yellow discolouration on the sclera and palms with bilirubin level of 15.5mg/ml regardless of exclusively breastfeeding. What is the management of this child
63. Diagnosis and management of severe malaria
64. Danger signs of pneumonia
65. Management of diabetic ketoacidiosis (DKA)
66. Differences between septic shock and hypovolemic shock
67. IMCI Assessment steps
68. Management of Severe dehydration
69. Causes of convulsion in children
70. Management of febrile seizures
71. Management of post partum haemorrhage
72. Stages of labour
73. Management of enclampsia
74. Differences between abruption placenta and placenta praevia
75. Management of open fracture
76. Causes of acute abdomen
77. ABCDE Approach in Trauma
78. Management of Unconcious Patients
79. Management of anaphylactic shock
80. Patient refuse treatment. What is ethical handling
81. Explain informed consent
82. Explain referral system in Tanzania
83. 1st Line TB Treatment
84. Why ALU is contraindicated to 1st trimester pregnancy
85. Side effect of aminoglycosides
86. Causes of Hepatomegaly and Spleenomegaly
87. Complications of Chest Injuries
88. Differential diagnosis of Acute Abdomen
89. Differential diagnosis of Pulmonary Oedema
90. Mention abnormal gait you expect to see to the patient at OPD
91. Prescribe GCS score in Unconscious patients
92. RCH’s Immunization chart in Tanzania
93. Risk factors for DM
94. Complications of Impetigo
95. Risk factors of CVA
96. Features of high quantity CPR
97. Indication for CPR
98. Steps to perform CPR
99. Clinical Features of PUD
100. Management of Hiccups
101. Management of normal labour
102. Management of Hiccups
103. Management of normal labor
104. Management of malaria in pregnancy
105. Contraindications of ORS and Gastric lavage
106. Effects of DM in pregnancy
107. Explain hemorrhagic and hemolytic diseases in newborns
108. Explain HIV Staes and their Management
109. Explain Top 10 diseases in Tanzania
110. Complications of caessarian section
111. Risk factors of PID and Management
112. How to manage cord prolapse
113. Differentiate between hypothyroidism and hyperthyroidism
114. Types of cannulas and where to be used
115. Componets of referral letter
116. Explain triages and red zones
117. Complication of burn and ways to calculate TBSA
118. Signs and complications of dehydration
119. Types and routes of poisoning
120. Things to be done in 1st ANC
121. Causative species, complications and prevention of malaria
122. Why atibiotics are prescribed more often than antiviral drugs in viral illnesses
123. Danger signs in neonates and pregnant women
124. Differences between viral and bacterial infections

ANSWERS

1. Briefly explain yourself
   “I am Dr David Johannes — clinician experienced in Emergency Medicine and surgical care in high-volume, resource-limited settings. I prioritise rapid assessment, patient safety, evidence-based management and teamwork.”
2. What are your strengths and weaknesses
   Strengths: calm under pressure, rapid clinical assessment, teamwork, reliability.
   Weakness: tendency to double-check details; I mitigate by time management and delegating appropriately.
3. How will you maintain confidentiality at the facility
   Use private spaces for sensitive discussions, limit information on need-to-know basis, secure patient records (physical and electronic), obtain consent for disclosures and document all data access.
4. Challenges often seen as a clinician at the working area
   High workload, limited diagnostics and supplies, delayed referrals, poor record-keeping, communication gaps, staff shortages and burnout risk.
5. Clinical features of bacterial conjunctivitis
   Acute red eye, purulent discharge causing eyelid matting, foreign body sensation, eyelid swelling; usually minimal visual impairment and may start unilateral then become bilateral.
6. Complications of urinary system disease
   AKI/CKD, recurrent pyelonephritis, renal scarring, hydronephrosis, urosepsis, hypertension, urinary retention and incontinence.
7. Factors contributing to poor diagnosis
   Incomplete history/exam, cognitive biases (anchoring, premature closure), inadequate investigations, time pressure, poor handover and communication barriers.
8. Contraindications for gastric lavage in poisoning
   Corrosive or hydrocarbon ingestion, unprotected airway or reduced consciousness without intubation, active seizures, GI perforation risk or late presentation for rapidly absorbed toxins.
9. Differential diagnosis for child with fever and skin rashes
   Viral exanthems (measles, rubella, roseola), scarlet fever, meningococcemia, drug eruption/Stevens–Johnson, Kawasaki disease, enteroviral exanthem.
10. Challenges the applicant might face at the job
    Resource constraints, high patient-to-staff ratio, need for rapid decision-making with limited data, administrative load and continuing professional development demands.
11. Explain sickle cell crisis
    Vaso-occlusive crisis due to sickling → microvascular obstruction, ischemic pain and organ dysfunction; complications include ACS, splenic sequestration and stroke. Manage analgesia, hydration, oxygen, treat triggers, transfuse when indicated.
12. What are forms of drug (dosage forms)
    Solids (tablets, capsules), liquids (solutions, suspensions), parenteral (IV/IM/SC), topical (creams, eye drops), inhalational, rectal (suppositories), transdermal patches.
13. Management & clinical features of organophosphate poisoning
    Features: muscarinic (SLUDGE), miosis, bronchorrhoea/bronchospasm, bradycardia; nicotinic (weakness), CNS (seizures). Management: remove exposure, decontaminate, secure airway/oxygen, titrated atropine, oxime (pralidoxime) if available, benzodiazepines for seizures, supportive ICU care.
14. Management of pyelonephritis
    Assess severity; severe → admit, obtain urine/blood cultures, start empiric IV antibiotics covering Gram-negatives (adjust by sensitivities), hydration, analgesia, relieve obstruction if present and follow-up with imaging if recurrent.
15. Management of acute watery diarrhoea
    Assess dehydration; ORS for none/some dehydration, IV isotonic fluids for severe dehydration, zinc for children, continue feeding/breastfeeding, antibiotics only for specific indications (cholera, dysentery).
16. What is endemic, epidemic and pandemic
    Endemic: constant baseline presence in a region. Epidemic: sudden rise above expected levels in a community. Pandemic: epidemic spreading across countries/continents worldwide.
17. Roles of a clinician
    Assessment, diagnosis, stabilization, definitive treatment, health promotion, documentation, referrals, teaching, audit and continuous professional development.
18. Management of hypoglycaemia in unconscious patient
    If IV access: give IV dextrose (e.g., 25 g of D50) and monitor; if no IV access: IM/SC glucagon 1 mg adult; secure airway and observe for recurrence.
19. Explain Bishop score
    Cervical assessment: dilation, effacement, station, consistency, position — each scored 0–3 (total 0–13). ≥8 favourable for induction; low score suggests unfavourable cervix.
20. Differences between Hodgkin and Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
    Hodgkin: Reed–Sternberg cells, contiguous lymph node spread, often curable. Non-Hodgkin: diverse subtypes, extranodal disease, non-contiguous spread and variable prognosis.
21. Features differentiating CLL vs ALL
    CLL: older adults, mature lymphocytosis, smudge cells, indolent. ALL: children/young adults, blasts predominate, rapid bone marrow failure presentation.
22. Principles of medical ethics
    Autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, justice, confidentiality and professional integrity.
23. Common mistakes leading to poor diagnosis
    Poor history/exam, cognitive biases, overreliance on single test, inadequate follow-up, communication failures.
24. Complications of bladder stones
    Recurrent UTIs, hematuria, obstruction/retention, bladder wall changes (diverticula), chronic pain and upper tract dilation.
25. Danger signs in pregnancy
    Severe bleeding, severe abdominal pain, severe headache/vision changes, sudden swelling, reduced fetal movements, fever, convulsions.
26. Skin and oral manifestations of HIV/AIDS
    Skin: Kaposi sarcoma, extensive warts, severe fungal infections, papular pruritic eruptions. Oral: candidiasis, hairy leukoplakia, ulceration, Kaposi lesions.
27. Explain TB score chart
    Clinical scoring combining symptoms/signs and investigations to estimate TB probability and guide testing or empiric treatment; use alongside microbiology and imaging.
28. Management of severe pneumonia
    Hospitalize, give oxygen to maintain SpO2 targets, start empiric IV antibiotics per local guideline, fluids cautiously, monitor and escalate to ICU if respiratory failure or sepsis.
29. Prescribe for pregnancy-induced hypertension (pre-eclampsia severe)
    Acute control: IV labetalol or IV hydralazine (per protocol) or oral nifedipine immediate release; magnesium sulfate for seizure prophylaxis in severe features; plan for timely delivery.
30. Features of depression and anxiety
    Depression: persistent low mood, anhedonia, sleep/appetite changes, suicidal ideation. Anxiety: excessive worry, restlessness, autonomic symptoms, sleep disturbance.
31. Features of insect/animal bite
    Local wound with pain, swelling, erythema; risk of infection, tetanus and rabies assessment; systemic envenomation features depend on species.
32. Contraindication of ORS
    Unconscious/unable to protect airway (unless via NG tube), severe shock requiring IV resuscitation, high-output fistula or intestinal obstruction (relative).
33. Prescribe pregnant woman at 1st ANC visit
    History, exam, Hb, blood group/Rh, HIV, syphilis, urine test; start iron + folic acid, tetanus immunization per schedule, counsel on danger signs and plan follow-up.
34. Explain emergency signs
    Threats to life/organ function: airway compromise, severe respiratory distress, hypotension/shock, altered consciousness, severe bleeding, seizures.
35. Symptoms of hypoglycaemia
    Autonomic: sweating, tremor, palpitations, hunger. Neuroglycopenic: confusion, drowsiness, seizures, loss of consciousness.
36. Urinary obstructive symptoms for 64 years old man with retention
    Weak stream, hesitancy, straining, intermittency, incomplete emptying, nocturia, urgency, prior LUTS, medication review and hematuria.
37. Complications of malaria
    Severe anemia, cerebral malaria, hypoglycaemia, metabolic acidosis, ARDS, acute renal failure, shock and death if untreated.
38. Differential diagnosis of 40 years old male with convulsion
    CNS infection, stroke/ICH, metabolic derangements (hypoglycaemia, hyponatraemia), epilepsy, intoxication, brain tumor, alcohol withdrawal.
39. Examples of drug therapy problems
    Wrong drug choice, dosing errors (sub/supratherapeutic), interactions, contraindications, non-adherence, duplication, lack of monitoring.
40. Side effects of methadone
    Sedation, respiratory depression, constipation, QT prolongation, sweating, sexual dysfunction, dependence.
41. Differences between aseptic and sterile
    Sterile = absence of all microorganisms. Aseptic = set of techniques to minimise contamination during procedures.
42. Features of a research proposal
    Clear question/objectives, literature review, appropriate methodology, sample size justification, ethical considerations, timeline and budget.
43. Types of irrational use of medicine
    Overprescribing (antibiotics), underuse of indicated meds, incorrect dosing, polypharmacy, unnecessary injections, self-medication.
44. Complication of urolithiasis
    Obstruction/hydronephrosis, recurrent infection, renal impairment, hematuria, staghorn calculi with chronic infection.
45. Priority and emergency signs
    Immediate threats: compromised airway, severe respiratory distress, hypotension/shock, uncontrolled bleeding, decreased consciousness.
46. Emergency, triage, assessment and treatment
    Triage → primary survey (ABCDE) → targeted history/exam and immediate investigations → life-saving interventions → definitive care or transfer.
47. Definitive management of tension pneumothorax
    Immediate decompression (needle thoracostomy) followed by insertion of intercostal chest drain; oxygen and monitoring.
48. Management of a child 13 month old with 10kgs with acute watery diarrhoea with severe dehydration
    WHO Plan C: rapid IV isotonic fluid boluses per guideline, reassess, complete rehydration, then ORS and zinc; continue feeding once stable.
49. Bishop score for primigravid 39 weeks ROM
    Likely unfavourable (score 0–3).
50. Manoeuvre to determine lie of fetus
    Leopold’s manoeuvres.
51. Features of ulcers
    Epithelial defect with necrotic base, pain variable, well-defined crater; chronic ulcers may be indurated.
52. Questions asked in gynaecological history
    LMP, menstrual pattern, obstetric history, presenting complaint, sexual history, contraception, STI history, surgeries.
53. Determine fetus viable during history taking
    History of fetal movements and confirmation by auscultation or ultrasound.
54. Hypoglycaemia unconscious without IV line
    Give IM/SC glucagon 1 mg adult.
55. Female with alcohol intake and ascites
    Stabilise, diagnostic paracentesis, antibiotics if SBP suspected, manage ascites, refer.
56. Sickle cell crises and management
    Vaso-occlusive, aplastic, hemolytic, sequestration, ACS, stroke. Manage analgesia, hydration, oxygen, transfusion.